Fig. 3

Illustration of GA morphology in response to tissue and plasma membrane damage. A In mammalian cells, the GA is localized on the perinuclear region (left). However, when a wound is induced to the tissue or cell culture, the GA repolarizes towards the direction of the wound, guiding cell migration toward the wound to facilitate wound closure (Right). B In various cell types, such as neurons, muscle cells, and tumor cells, as well as in some lower organisms, the GA is scattered throughout the cytosol. As an example, the GA of the adult C. elegans hyp7. In the case of hyp7, damage to the plasma membrane triggers the enrichment of GA at the wound site to promote PM repair