Fig. 2
From: Models for calcific aortic valve disease in vivo and in vitro
Strategy of hiPSC-derived valve endothelial cells and valve interstitial cells. hiPSC differentiation into VICs was achieved through a three-stage approach. Stage 1 involved mainly WNT signaling activation, promoting cardiac progenitor cell specification. Stage 2 employed BMP signaling activation for VEC generation. Finally, endothelial-mesenchymal transition was induced to obtain VICs. Magnetic bead sorting was implemented at each stage to enhance VIC purity and homogeneity