Table 1 Post-translational modifications of FOXO proteins

Phosphorylation

AKT

Ser78, Thr273, Ser345

(Li et al. 2021; Takahashi et al. 2011)

Thr24, Ser256, Ser319

(Guo et al. 1999; Rena et al. 1999, 2001, 2002)

Thr32, Ser253, Ser315

(Becher et al. 2018; Brunet et al. 1999; Kashii et al. 2000)

Thr32, Ser197, Ser262

(Kops et al. 1999; Matsuzaki et al. 2005b; Takaishi et al. 1999)

Thr26, Ser184

(Jacobs et al. 2003; Kim et al. 2011; van der Heide et al. 2005)

Inhibition

Phosphorylation

SGK

Unclear

(Chen et al. 2013; Hertweck et al. 2004; Jones et al. 2009)

Thr24, Ser256, Ser319

(Liu et al. 2000)

Thr32, Ser253, Ser315

(Brunet et al. 2001)

Inhibition

Phosphorylation

ERK

Ser294, Ser344, Ser425

(Yang et al. 2008)

Inhibition

Phosphorylation

CK1

Ser322, Ser325

(Rena et al. 2002)

Inhibition

Phosphorylation

CDK2

Ser249 (Huang et al. 2006)

Inhibition

Phosphorylation

DYRK

Ser329 (Woods et al. 2001)

Inhibition

Phosphorylation

IKK

Ser644 (Hu et al. 2004)

Inhibition

Phosphorylation

JNK

Unclear (Weng et al. 2016)

Thr447, Thr451 (De Ruiter et al. 2001; Essers et al. 2004)

Activation

Phosphorylation

p38

Ser7 (Ho et al. 2012)

Activation

Phosphorylation

MST1

Ser212 (Lehtinen et al. 2006)

Ser207 (Yuan et al. 2009)

Activation

Phosphorylation

CDK1

Ser249 (Yuan et al. 2008)

Activation

Phosphorylation

AMPK

Thr179, Ser399, Ser413, Ser439, Ser555, Ser588 (Greer et al. 2007)

Activation

Acetylation

CBP/p300

Lys242, Lys245, Lys262

(Daitoku et al. 2004; Matsuzaki et al. 2005a)

Lys186, Lys189, Lys408

(Fukuoka et al. 2003)

Inhibition

Deacetylation

SIRT1

Unclear (Motta et al. 2004)

Unclear (Brunet et al. 2004; Motta et al. 2004)

Unclear

(Motta et al. 2004)

Inhibition

Deacetylation

SIRT1

Unclear (Mouchiroud et al. 2013; Tissenbaum and Guarente 2001)

Lys242, Lys245, Lys262

(Daitoku et al. 2004)

Lys242, Lys245

(Brunet et al. 2004)

Lys186, Lys189, Lys408

(Kobayashi et al. 2005)

Activation

Poly-ubiquitination

SKP2

Ser256 (Huang et al. 2005)

Inhibition

Poly-ubiquitination

CHIP

Ser256 (Li et al. 2009)

Inhibition

Poly-ubiquitination

COP1

Thr32, Ser256, Thr319 (Kato et al. 2008)

Inhibition

Poly-ubiquitination

MDM2

Ser294, Ser344, Ser425 (Yang et al. 2008)

Inhibition

Mono-ubiquitination

MDM2

Unclear (Brenkman et al. 2008)

Activation

Deubiquitination

USP7

Lys199, Lys211

(van der Horst et al. 2006)

Inhibition

Methylation

PRMT1

Arg248, Arg250

(Yamagata et al. 2008)

Activation

Methylation

PRMT6

Arg188, Arg249

(Choi et al. 2019)

Activation

Methylation

SET9

Lys270 (Xie et al. 2012)

Inhibition

O-GlcNAcylation

OGT

Unclear

(Housley et al. 2008, 2009; Kuo et al. 2008)

Activation

O-GlcNAcylation

OGT

Ser284 (Shin et al. 2018)

Inhibition