Fig. 2

BMSCs supporting vascularization and forming mineralized bone matrix in a single co-culture system with HUVECs. When cultured in medium supported with angiogenic factors, BMSCs (beige cells) support ECs networks (red) as pericytes. When the co-culture system is supported with osteogenic factors, BMSCs undergo osteogenic differentiation (blue cells) and produce mineralized bone matrix (beige lines) [44]