Table 1 Comparisons between a regenerating antler bud and a newt limb blastema

Potentiated by natural loss of dead antlers, with regeneration activated when sex hormones reach a very low level

Regeneration activated by the accidental loss of distal part of a limb

Flat/concave shape

Round/cone shape

Formed by proliferation and differentiation of the PP cells

Formed by dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation and differentiation of diverse origin limb stump cells

Full thickness of skin heals the wound

Epithelium heals the initial wound

Presence of basal lamina

Absence of basal lamina

Richly vascularized

Avascular

Nerve-independent

Nerve-dependent

Wound epidermis-independent

Wound epidermis-dependent

Wound healing-independent

Wound healing-dependent

Healing with some evidence of a scar

Scar-less wound healing

Dividing cells regionally localized

Dividing cells evenly distributed