Fig. 4

DSF decreases cardiac injury and improves heart function after I/R via inhibiting GSDMD. A Schematic of I/R injury of rat heart and DSF administration. B Evaluation of serum AST, CK, CK-MB, and LDH in rats subjected to I/R surgery with or without DSF treatment. n = 10 rats per group. C Representative images and quantitative data for infarct size (IF) and area at risk (AAR) in rat hearts subjected to I/R with or without DSF treatment. n = 10 rats per group. D Representative images and quantitative data for TUNEL staining of heart sections from rats subjected to I/R surgery. n = 7 rats per group. LV, left ventricle; AST, glutamic transaminase; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase. E Representative images and quantitative data for GSDMD immunostaining of heart sections from rats subjected to I/R surgery. n = 5 rats per group. F Schematic of I/R injury of rat heart and DSF administration. (G and H) Serial ECHO measurements of ejection fraction (G), fractional shortening (H) of sham, control, and DSF groups after I/R. Sham, n = 4; control, n = 8; DSF, n = 10. Scale bar, 1 mm (C), 20 µm (D), 50 µm (E). *p < 0.1, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, no significant difference. Unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test (B-E). Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (G and H). Data are the mean ± s.e.m. (B-E, G, H)