Fig. 2

The role of BMP signaling in various human cancers. BMP signaling exhibits context-dependent pleiotropic effects across diverse cancers. In certain cancer types (e.g., lung cancer), BMP signaling can drive tumorigenesis, whereas in others (e.g., GBM), it exerts inhibitory influence on tumor progression. Notably, within distinct tumor subtypes of DIPG and AML, BMP signaling assumes a dual role. Furthermore, the functions of BMP signaling in prostate cancer and osteosarcoma are contingent upon the cellular context, introducing variability in its impact. Created with BioRender.com