BMP signaling in cancer stemness and differentiation

Cell Regeneration

Table 2 The BMP family members and their receptors

Ligand	Type I receptor	Type II receptor	Co-receptor
BMP2	BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2	RGM
BMP4	BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2
BMP5	ACVR1A, BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2
BMP6	ACVR1A, BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2	RGM
BMP7	ACVR1A, BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2
BMP8	ACVR1A, BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2
BMP9	ALK1	ACVR2, BMPR2	Endoglin
BMP10	ALK1	ACVR2, BMPR2	Endoglin
BMP15	BMPR1B	BMPR2
BMP3^a	-	-
BMP3B	-	-
GDF5	BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2
GDF6	BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2
GDF7	BMPR1A, BMPR1B	ACVR2, ACVR2B, BMPR2
AMH	ACVR1A, BMPR1A	AMHR2
GDF15	GFRAL^b

BMP Bone morphogenetic protein, BMPR Bone morphogenic protein receptor, ACVR Activin receptor, RGM Repulsion guidance molecules, GDF Growth and differentiation factor, AMH Anti-Muellerian hormone, AMHR Anti-Muellerian hormone receptor; -, not applicable. ^aBMP3 antagonizes other BMPs. ^bGDF15 is a distant member of the TGF-β and BMP family. It signals through a receptor called glial-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-like (GFRAL)